THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER FEMALE CANNIBALISM IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
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Nov 13, 2017
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Abstract
In Papua New Guinea, gender identity has been described as strict segregation and oppression of women. However, cannibalism can give us new insights into a gender identity. Culture creates boundaries that imply division, though “sameness” is experienced. This social experience is projected onto the body. In the act of cannibalism, substance and power are exchanged. Gender identity reflects then an ideology, not a body function.
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Thiessen, Ilka. 2017. “THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER FEMALE CANNIBALISM IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA”. ЕтноАнтропоЗум/EthnoAnthropoZoom, no. 13 (November), 55-101. https://doi.org/10.37620/EAZ15130055t.
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References
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a Unified Analysis, J.F. Collier and S.J. Yanagisako (eds.). 1-13. Stanford:
Stanford University Press.
Douglas, M. 1991. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo.
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Freeman, D. 1964. Human Aggression in Anthropological Perspective. In The Natural
History of Aggression, J.D. Carthy and F.J. Ebling (eds.). 109-119. London:
Academic Press.
Gillison, G. 1980. Images of Nature in Gimi Thought. In Nature, Culture, and Gender,
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Harner, M. 1977. The Ecological Basis for Aztec Sacrifice. American Ethnologist 4: 117-
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House.
Harrison, S. 1989. The Symbolic Construction of Aggression and War in a Sepik River
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Herdt, G.H. (ed.). 1982. Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New Guinea.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
Herdt, G.H. 1982. Fetish and Fantasy in Sambia Initiation. In Rituals of Manhood: Male
Initiation in Papua New Guinea, G.H. Herdt (ed.). 44-98. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Herdt, G.H. 1987. Guardians of the Flutes: Idioms of Masculinity. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Hertz, R. 1973. The Pre-Eminence of the Right Hand: A Study in Religious Polarity. In
Right and Left: Essays on Dual Symbolic Classification, R. Needham (ed.). 3-31.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Josephides, L. 1985. The Production of Inequality: Gender and Exchange among the
Kewa. London: Tavistock Publications.
Keesing, R.M. 1982. Introduction. In: Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New
Guinea, G.H.Herdt (ed.). 1-43. Berkeley: University of California Press.
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by J.H. Bell, J.R. von Sturmen. Boston: Beacon Press.
Lindenbaum, S. 1976. A Wife Is the Hand of Man. In Man and Women in New Guinea
Highlands, P.Brown and G. Buchbinder (eds.). 54-62. Washington: American
Anthropological Association.
Lindenbaum, S. 1979. Kuru Sorcery: Disease and Danger in the New Guinea Highlands.
Palo Alto: Mayfield Publishing Company.
Lindenbaum, S. 1983. Cannibalism: Symbolic Production and Consumption. In The
Ethnography of Cannibalism, P. Brown and D. Tuzin (eds.).94-106. Washington:
Society for Psychological Anthropology.
Meigs, A. C. 1976. Male Pregnancy and the Reduction of Sexual Opposition in a New
Guinea Highlands Society. Ethnology 15: 393-407.
Meigs, A. C. 1984. Food, Sex, and Pollution: A New Guinea Religion. New Brunswick:
Rutgers University Press.
Moore, H. 1993. The Differences within and the Differences between. In Gendered
Anthropology, Teresa del Valle (ed.). 193-204. London: Routledge.
Newman, P. and D. J. Boyd. 1982. The Making of Man: Ritual and Meaning in Awa Male
Initiation. In Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New Guinea, G.H.
Herdt (ed.). 239-285. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ortner, Sherry B. and H. Whitehead (eds.). 1992. Sexual Meanings: The Cultural
Construction of Gender and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Poole, F. J. P. 1982. The Ritual Forging of Identity: Aspects of Person and Self in BiminKuskusmin
Male Initiation. In Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New
Guinea, G.H. Herdt (ed.). 99-154. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Poole, F.J.P. 1983. Cannibals, Tricksters, and Witches: Anthropophagic Images among
Bimin-Kuskusmin. In The Ethnography of Cannibalism, P. Brown and D. Tuzin
(eds.). 6-32. Washington: Society for Psychological Anthropology
Poole, F.J.P. 1992. Transforming “Natural” Woman: Female Ritual Leaders and
Gender Ideology among Bimin-Kuskusmin. In Sexual Meanings: The Cultural
Construction of Gender and Sexuality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rosaldo, M.Z. 1974. Women, Culture, and Society: A Theoretical Overview. In Women,
Culture, and Society, M.Z. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere (eds.). 17-42. Stanford:
Stanford University Press.
Rubin, G. 1975. The Traffic in Woman: Notes on the “Political Economy” of Sex. In
Toward an Anthropology of Women, R.R. Reiter (ed.). New York: Monthly Review
Press.
Sanday, P. Reeves. 1989. Divine Hunger: Cannibalism as Cultural System. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Strathern, A.J. 1989. Witchcraft, Greed, Cannibalism, and Death: Some Related Themes
from the New Guinea Highlands. In Death and the Regeneration of Life, M. Block
and Parry (eds.). 111-133. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Strathern, M. 1990. The Gender and the Gift. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Strathern, M. 1992. Self-Interest and the Social Good: Some Implications of Hagen
Gender Imagery. In. S.B. Ortner and H. Whitehead (eds.); pp.166-191.
Strathern, M. (ed.). 1990. Dealing with Inequality: Analysis Gender Relations in
Melanesia and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Whitehead, H. 1986. The Varieties of Fertility Cultism in New Guinea, part 1. American
Ethnologist 13: 80-99.
Whitehead, H. 1986. The Varieties of Fertility Cultism in New Guinea, part 2. American
Ethnologist 13: 271-289.
Yanagisako, S.J. and J.F. Collier. 1987. Toward s Unified Analysis of Gender and Kinship.
In Gender and Kinship: Essays toward a Unified Analysis, J.F. Collier and S.
Yanagisako (eds.). 14-50. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Oxford University Press.
Berndt, R. M. 1962. Excess and Restraint: Social Control Аmong a New Guinea Mountain
People. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bloch, M. and J. Parry. 1982. Introduction. In Death and the Regeneration of Life, eds. M.
Bloch and J. Parry. 1-44. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, P. and G. Buchbinder (eds.). 1976. Man and Women in New Guinea Highlands.
Washington: American Anthropological Association.
Brown, P., and D. Tuzin (eds.) 1983. The Ethnography of Cannibalism. Washington:
Society for Psychological Anthropology.
Buchbinder, G. and R. A. Rappaport. 1976. Fertility and Death among the Maring. In
Man and Women in New Guinea Highlands. P. Brown and G. Buchbinder (eds.).
13-35. Washington: American Anthropological Association.
Buckley, T., and A. Gottlieb. 1988. A Critical Appraisal of Theories of Menstrual
Symbolism. In Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, T. Buckley and
A. Gottlieb (eds.). 3-50. Berkley: University of California Press.
Collier, J.F. and M.Z. Rosaldo. 1992. Politics and Gender in Simple Societies. In Sexual
Meanings: The Cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality, S.B. Ortner and H.
Whitehead (eds.). 275-329. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Collier, J.F. and S.J. Yanagisako. 1987. Introduction in Gender and Kinship: Essays toward
a Unified Analysis, J.F. Collier and S.J. Yanagisako (eds.). 1-13. Stanford:
Stanford University Press.
Douglas, M. 1991. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo.
London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Freeman, D. 1964. Human Aggression in Anthropological Perspective. In The Natural
History of Aggression, J.D. Carthy and F.J. Ebling (eds.). 109-119. London:
Academic Press.
Gillison, G. 1980. Images of Nature in Gimi Thought. In Nature, Culture, and Gender,
C. MacCormack and M. Strathern (eds.). 143-173. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Gillison, G. 1983. Cannibalism among Women in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New
Guinea. In The Ethnography of Cannibalism, P. Brown and D. Tuzin (eds.). 33-50.
Washington: Society for Psychological Anthropology.
Gillison, G. 1993. Between Culture and Fantasy: A New Guinea Highlands Mythology.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Godelier, M. 1986. The Making of Great Men: Male Domination and Power among the
New Guinea Baruya, transl. by R. Swyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Harner, M. 1977. The Ecological Basis for Aztec Sacrifice. American Ethnologist 4: 117-
135.
Harris, M. 1977. Cannibals and Kings: The Origins of Cultures. New York: Random
House.
Harrison, S. 1989. The Symbolic Construction of Aggression and War in a Sepik River
Society. Man 24: 583-599.
Hays, T., and P.H. Hays. 1982. Opposition and Complementarity of the Sexes in Ndumba
Initiation. In Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New Guinea, G.H.
Herdt (eds.). 201-238. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Herdt, G.H. (ed.). 1982. Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New Guinea.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
Herdt, G.H. 1982. Fetish and Fantasy in Sambia Initiation. In Rituals of Manhood: Male
Initiation in Papua New Guinea, G.H. Herdt (ed.). 44-98. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Herdt, G.H. 1987. Guardians of the Flutes: Idioms of Masculinity. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Hertz, R. 1973. The Pre-Eminence of the Right Hand: A Study in Religious Polarity. In
Right and Left: Essays on Dual Symbolic Classification, R. Needham (ed.). 3-31.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Josephides, L. 1985. The Production of Inequality: Gender and Exchange among the
Kewa. London: Tavistock Publications.
Keesing, R.M. 1982. Introduction. In: Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New
Guinea, G.H.Herdt (ed.). 1-43. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Langness, L.L. 1967. Sexual Antagonism in the New Guinea Highlands: A Bena Bena
Example. Oceania 37: 161-177.
Levi-Strauss, C. 1969. The Elementary Structures of Kinship, R. Needham (ed.), transl.
by J.H. Bell, J.R. von Sturmen. Boston: Beacon Press.
Lindenbaum, S. 1976. A Wife Is the Hand of Man. In Man and Women in New Guinea
Highlands, P.Brown and G. Buchbinder (eds.). 54-62. Washington: American
Anthropological Association.
Lindenbaum, S. 1979. Kuru Sorcery: Disease and Danger in the New Guinea Highlands.
Palo Alto: Mayfield Publishing Company.
Lindenbaum, S. 1983. Cannibalism: Symbolic Production and Consumption. In The
Ethnography of Cannibalism, P. Brown and D. Tuzin (eds.).94-106. Washington:
Society for Psychological Anthropology.
Meigs, A. C. 1976. Male Pregnancy and the Reduction of Sexual Opposition in a New
Guinea Highlands Society. Ethnology 15: 393-407.
Meigs, A. C. 1984. Food, Sex, and Pollution: A New Guinea Religion. New Brunswick:
Rutgers University Press.
Moore, H. 1993. The Differences within and the Differences between. In Gendered
Anthropology, Teresa del Valle (ed.). 193-204. London: Routledge.
Newman, P. and D. J. Boyd. 1982. The Making of Man: Ritual and Meaning in Awa Male
Initiation. In Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New Guinea, G.H.
Herdt (ed.). 239-285. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ortner, Sherry B. and H. Whitehead (eds.). 1992. Sexual Meanings: The Cultural
Construction of Gender and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Poole, F. J. P. 1982. The Ritual Forging of Identity: Aspects of Person and Self in BiminKuskusmin
Male Initiation. In Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New
Guinea, G.H. Herdt (ed.). 99-154. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Poole, F.J.P. 1983. Cannibals, Tricksters, and Witches: Anthropophagic Images among
Bimin-Kuskusmin. In The Ethnography of Cannibalism, P. Brown and D. Tuzin
(eds.). 6-32. Washington: Society for Psychological Anthropology
Poole, F.J.P. 1992. Transforming “Natural” Woman: Female Ritual Leaders and
Gender Ideology among Bimin-Kuskusmin. In Sexual Meanings: The Cultural
Construction of Gender and Sexuality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rosaldo, M.Z. 1974. Women, Culture, and Society: A Theoretical Overview. In Women,
Culture, and Society, M.Z. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere (eds.). 17-42. Stanford:
Stanford University Press.
Rubin, G. 1975. The Traffic in Woman: Notes on the “Political Economy” of Sex. In
Toward an Anthropology of Women, R.R. Reiter (ed.). New York: Monthly Review
Press.
Sanday, P. Reeves. 1989. Divine Hunger: Cannibalism as Cultural System. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Strathern, A.J. 1989. Witchcraft, Greed, Cannibalism, and Death: Some Related Themes
from the New Guinea Highlands. In Death and the Regeneration of Life, M. Block
and Parry (eds.). 111-133. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Strathern, M. 1990. The Gender and the Gift. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Strathern, M. 1992. Self-Interest and the Social Good: Some Implications of Hagen
Gender Imagery. In. S.B. Ortner and H. Whitehead (eds.); pp.166-191.
Strathern, M. (ed.). 1990. Dealing with Inequality: Analysis Gender Relations in
Melanesia and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Whitehead, H. 1986. The Varieties of Fertility Cultism in New Guinea, part 1. American
Ethnologist 13: 80-99.
Whitehead, H. 1986. The Varieties of Fertility Cultism in New Guinea, part 2. American
Ethnologist 13: 271-289.
Yanagisako, S.J. and J.F. Collier. 1987. Toward s Unified Analysis of Gender and Kinship.
In Gender and Kinship: Essays toward a Unified Analysis, J.F. Collier and S.
Yanagisako (eds.). 14-50. Stanford: Stanford University Press.